Claudian letters

2024-03-20

Three characters created by the Emperor Claudius to represent sounds or sound combinations that were not unambiguously represented by existing Latin characters: Ↄ(Unicode 2183: antisigma, representing PS or BS); Ⱶ (Unicode 2C75: sonus medius, representing vowel bwteen U and I; later represented with Y); Ⅎ (Unicode 2132: digamma inversum, representing consonantal U).

Before these characters were represented by Unicode codepoints, Latin epigraphers were in the habit of transcribing these using the Latin characters to which they correspond (PS, BS, Y or V respectively). When transcribing such an edition, g may be used with the expansion in the type (preceded by "claudian_"). When the character itself is simply included in a Latin word, the Unicode character may simply be included in the text with no markup. Or g might be wrapped around the Unicode character.

It might also be a good idea, for the sake of indexing and parsing words, to regularize (using choice, orig and reg) words containing these letters to their more conventional Latin spellings (see final example below, and cf. Regularization).

Krummrey/Panciera 1980 IV.3; Panciera 1991 19: y, bs, ps, v

Krummrey/Panciera 1980 IV.3: Nymphabus Y; privatis V

Dohnicht 3: ⊂y⊃, ⊂bs⊃, ⊂ps⊃, ⊂v⊃

: Ⱶ, Ↄ, Ↄ, Ⅎ

<g type="claudian_y"/>, <g type="claudian_bs"/>, <g type="claudian_ps"/>,
<g type="claudian_v"/>

Transformation using the EpiDoc Reference stylesheets:

  • Default (Panciera) style: ((claudian_y)), ((claudian_bs)), ((claudian_ps)), ((claudian_v))
  • Dohnicht style: ⊂claudian_y⊃, ⊂claudian_bs⊃, ⊂claudian_ps⊃, ⊂claudian_v⊃
(Panciera)
        Ⱶ, Ↄ, Ↄ, Ⅎ     

Transformation using the EpiDoc Reference stylesheets:

  • Default (Panciera) style: Ⱶ, Ↄ, Ↄ, Ⅎ
  • Dohnicht style: Ⱶ, Ↄ, Ↄ, Ⅎ
  • Duke Databank style: Ⱶ, Ↄ, Ↄ, Ⅎ
<g type="claudian_y"></g>, <g type="claudian_bs"></g>, <g type="claudian_ps"></g>,
<g type="claudian_v"></g>

Transformation using the EpiDoc Reference stylesheets:

  • Default (Panciera) style: ((claudian_y)), ((claudian_bs)), ((claudian_ps)), ((claudian_v))
  • Dohnicht style: ⊂claudian_y⊃, ⊂claudian_bs⊃, ⊂claudian_ps⊃, ⊂claudian_v⊃
  • Duke Databank style: ((claudian_y)) , ((claudian_bs)) , ((claudian_ps)) , ((claudian_v))
N<g type="claudian_y"></g>mphabus;
pri<g type="claudian_v"></g>atis

Transformation using the EpiDoc Reference stylesheets:

  • Default (Panciera) style: N((claudian_y))mphabus; pri((claudian_v))atis
  • Dohnicht style: N⊂claudian_y⊃mphabus; pri⊂claudian_v⊃atis
(Krummrey/Panciera)
<choice>
 <orig>NⱵmphabus</orig>
 <reg>Nymphabus</reg>
</choice>

Transformation using the EpiDoc Reference stylesheets:

  • Default (Panciera) style: NⱵmphabus
  • Dohnicht style: NⱵmphabus
  • Duke Databank style: NⱵmphabus
(Krummrey/Panciera)

Instead of using type in g, the recommended use of <g[@ref]> in Symbol (Non Meaning-Bearing) may be applied.

Responsibility for this section

  1. Gabriel Bodard, author

EpiDoc version: 9.6

Date: 2024-03-20